IL-18, and possibly CD14 receptor signalling pathway, may be involved in macrophage activation and subsequent IL-8 and IL-1 beta release, involved in gastritis response to H. pylori infection (160)IL-18 may have an important role in promoting gastric Th1 responses in H. pylori infection (161)The cytokine IL-18 induces production of IFN-γ by activated T lymphocytes and promotes a Th1 profile, causing chronic active gastritis (162). Here, IL18 is linked to gastritis.