Some included studies measured MALAT1 levels as a biomarker; for example, higher MALAT1 correlated with higher disease activity in SLE (and interestingly, MALAT1 levels dropped in patients who responded to immunosuppressive therapy, hinting at a connection between MALAT1 expression and the underlying epigenetic/inflammatory state) (27). The gene discussed is MALAT1; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.