NPPB and atrial fibrillation: All included studies reported multivariable-adjusted effect estimates, typically adjusting for: age and sex, systolic blood pressure or heart rate, renal function (creatinine/eGFR), natriuretic peptides (BNP or NT-proBNP), comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, CAD, AF), NYHA class and LVEF, guideline-directed HF therapies.