Additionally, salicylic acid modulates nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling, a key transcription factor involved in inflammatory responses, thereby decreasing the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukins (IL-1, IL-6) leading to reduced sebum secretion and inflammation in acne lesions. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and acne.