Preoperative Phase: (1) Mandatory cognitive screening using Mini-Cog or MoCA for all patients ≥65 years; (2) Laboratory assessment including CRP and, when available, IL-6 for risk stratification; (3) Comprehensive medication review targeting anticholinergic burden reduction; (4) Optimization of modifiable risk factors including anemia, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalances; (5) Family education and engagement in prevention strategies. Here, IL6 is linked to anemia.