Furthermore, IL-6 upregulates vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), facilitates T-cell differentiation, and enhances angiotensin II type 1 receptor expression in SMCs, exacerbating oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. This evidence concerns the gene ICAM1 and endothelial dysfunction.