GDF5 and Insulin resistance: For example, Yu et al. found that adipocyte-derived exosomal miR-27a induces insulin resistance in skeletal muscle through repression of PPARγ [22]; Qin et al. found that skeletal muscle-derived exosomal miR-146a-5p inhibits adipogenesis by mediating the muscle–fat axis and targeting GDF5-PPARγ signaling [85].