VEGFA and neoplasm: Hypoxia-induced angiogenesis is further augmented by acidosis through the stabilisation of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and upregulation of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), creating a dysfunctional vasculature that perpetuates the hostile TME and that also impacts the penetration of immune cells and therapeutics into tumours [37,48,49,50].