The selective TLR2 inhibitor CU-CPT22 effectively blocked DAMP-induced signaling (e.g., HMGB1 release after chemotherapy), synergizing with DOXO to suppress tumor growth, reduce CSC frequency, and remodel the TME by decreasing Tregs and MDSCs while enhancing CD8+ T cells and M1 macrophages [37]. Here, HMGB1 is linked to neoplasm.