Among patients with early-stage HCC who had biomarker and ultrasound data within 6 months (n = 90), GAAD had significantly higher sensitivity for early-stage HCC than ultrasound plus AFP (89.5% vs. 68.4%; p = 0.046) but lower specificity (71.8% vs. 93.0%; p = 0.006) (Supplemental Table S1). Here, AFP is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.