Furthermore, in other breast cancer models, rigid scaffolds have been shown to promote proliferation through collagen binding to integrin-linked kinase (ILK), which increases phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase subunit 1 (MYPT1) and suppresses signaling from Merlin, mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1/2 (MST1/2), and large tumor suppressor kinase 1 (LATS1). Here, ILK is linked to breast cancer.