MVX-ONCO-1 is a personalized, cell-based vaccine designed to stimulate broad antitumor immunity by combining a patient’s irradiated autologous tumor cells—which provide the complete repertoire of individual tumor antigens—with encapsulated allogeneic cells genetically engineered to secrete granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) directly at the vaccination site [154]. This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and neoplasm.