GPC3 and hepatocellular carcinoma: For instance, one study focused on developing CAR-T cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (CIMs) specifically designed for targeted therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), utilizing the expression profile of glypican-3 (GPC3)-a heparan sulfate proteoglycan expressed in 75% of HCC cases but absent in healthy liver tissues.