A case–control study of early-onset BCC identified family history of skin cancer as a strong independent risk factor (OR 2.4)—even after adjustment for pigment characteristics, UV exposure and MC1R genotype; the risk was highest—over threefold (OR 3.65, 95% CI 1.79–7.47)—among individuals with a family history of both melanoma and NMSC, particularly when a first-degree relative was diagnosed before age 50 [32]. Here, MC1R is linked to melanoma.