CCL5 and neoplasm: RANTES (CCL5) has been shown to modulate cytokine production, inducing a switch from Th2-type to Th1-type cytokines, and the amount of CCL5 expression at the tumor site determines the effectiveness of the antitumor response, which is associated with the infiltration of an increased number of NK, CD4, and CD8 cells at the tumor site [30].