Among the key risk factors for progression from GDM to type 2 diabetes (T2D) are (1) greater severity of GDM (e.g., insulin use or higher blood glucose levels); (2) higher body mass index (BMI) at any stage—pregestational, during pregnancy, or later in life; (3) unhealthy dietary habits; (4) pregnancy complications beyond GDM (such as stillbirth, gestational hypertension, or cesarean section); (5) low levels of physical activity; and (6) non-European ancestry. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.