INS and obesity disorder: In the age-matched analysis (Table 2), children with obesity demonstrated significantly higher HOMA-IR (3.46 ± 2.18 vs. 2.27 ± 2.22, p = 0.0271, Cohen’s d = 0.482), higher insulin levels (17.15 ± 10.54 vs. 11.29 ± 9.28 mU/L, p = 0.0125, Cohen’s d = 0.506), and elevated TG/HDL-C ratio (0.99 ± 0.72 vs. 0.59 ± 0.25, p = 0.0271, Cohen’s d = 0.530).