This review critically synthesizes how UA affects (i) CRC (G2/M arrest, caspase-dependent apoptosis, suppression of Wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/AKT/mTOR, mitigation of chemoresistance) and (ii) T2DM (AMPK and PI3K/AKT activation, improved GLUT4 trafficking, mitophagy/autophagy, adipose thermogenesis, anti-inflammatory/antioxidant effects). Here, MTOR is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.