CXCL9 and portal hypertension: While TNF alfa, IL-6, and IL-8 (CXCL8) are markers of the innate immune “storm” (neutrophil-related), CXCL9 and CXCL10 reflect the adaptive immune response (Th1/lymphocytic) as well as hemodynamic severity (portal hypertension) [29,64,65,66].