KLF4 and atherosclerosis: Notably, KLF4 also promotes macrophage phenotypic change from pro-inflammatory M1 to anti-inflammatory M2 subtypes with two important pathways: transactivation of cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (Ch25h)/liver X receptor (LXR) regulatory axis via H3K4me3 and H3K27ac enrichment and demethylation, and inducing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) signaling pathway by binding to the promoter of PPARγ, which eventually attenuates atherosclerosis [41].