Preclinical studies have shown that metformin regulates endotoxemia-induced endothelial dysfunction and inflammation through the AMPK/KLF2 axis, restoring KLF2 levels reduced by LPS and TNF-α stimulation, and inhibiting VCAM1 expression while reducing inflammatory factors like TNF-α and IL-6 [79]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is endothelial dysfunction.