Furthermore, MEF2C, VCAM1, and STAT3 were significantly upregulated at both transcript and protein levels in LSCC and LUAD compared to NMLT (p < 0.0001 for all comparisons), underscoring their potential role in NSCLC pathogenesis (Figure 3E–H). The gene discussed is VCAM1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.