TGFB1 and cancer: This article presents the current status of research on the effects of PTs and their derivatives on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR, MAPK/ERK, NF-κB, JAK/STAT, Notch, HIF-1α, TGF-β, Wnt/β-catenin, Hippo, and Hedgehog pathways, which are involved in regulating, e.g., proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, autophagy, and apoptosis in cancer cells (Table 1).