Importantly, three programs demonstrated cancer-type specificity: pulmonary function program in lung cancer (Program 11: ANXA2, HOPX, etc.), inflammatory response program in colorectal cancer (Program 12: ALOX5, ALOX5AP, etc.), and cell adhesion program in hepatocellular carcinoma (Program 13: ADAM17, CDC42, etc.)(Figure 2G and Figure S5C). Here, HOPX is linked to cancer.