Furthermore, mRNA expression analysis of chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 1 (CSH-1) and 2 (CSH-2) in fetoplacental vessels, markers of placental hormone production and function, demonstrated a significant upregulation of CSH-1 (Figure 1B) in GDM patients, whereas CSH-2 expression showed no significant differences (Figure 1C). This evidence concerns the gene CSH1 and gestational diabetes.