INS and gestational diabetes: In contrast, potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M alpha 1 (KCNMA1), another gene associated with EDHF-mediated responses, showed a trend toward increased expression in GDM HUVECs compared to NG, both under basal conditions (p = 0.1195) and after insulin stimulation (p = 0.0548) (Figure 6F), indicating a possible compensatory upregulation of the EDHF pathway in GDM.