In the case of viral infection, the mRNA levels of Stat1, tetratricopeptide repeats 1 (Ifit1), myxovirus resistance protein 1 (Mx1), Oas3, and Isg15 are upregulated by EV-A71 infection, while only Oas3 is significantly downregulated after diABZI treatment, which may be due to the inhibition of viral replication after diABZI treatment, thereby reducing the stimulating expression of Oas3 (Figure 3D). This evidence concerns the gene ISG15 and viral infectious disease.