INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: These pathways include key metabolic pathways, such as type 1 diabetes mellitus (hsa04940), Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation (hsa04658), insulin signaling pathway (hsa04910), PI3K-Akt signaling pathway (hsa04151), longevity regulating pathway (hsa04211), thermogenesis pathway (hsa04714), Notch signaling pathway (hsa04330), and thyroid hormone synthesis (hsa04918), as well as glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis (hsa00534) and other pathways related to the immune system and viral infections (Supplementary Figure S3).