In particular, monoclonal antibodies targeting the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 have demonstrated durable responses and improved overall survival in patients with advanced malignancies including melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and various other solid tumors [1]. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and hereditary clear cell renal cell carcinoma.