MMP9 and cancer: Additionally, combined with PPI results, KEGG analysis indicated that Chrysanthemum primarily acts on two types of pathways: inflammation-related pathways, where targets such as AKT1, EGFR, PTGS2, and SRC not only play central roles in the PPI network but also appear frequently across multiple pathways, including the NF-κB signaling pathway and IL-17 signaling pathway; and immune-related pathways, involving targets such as CD4 and MMP9, as well as pathways like the Chemokine signaling pathway and PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway in cancer.