TRAF7 alterations in meningioma co-occur with alterations in KLF4, AKT1, or PIK3CA. TRAF7 gain-of-function alterations promote progression of tumors in organs such as the liver (hepatocellular carcinoma), breast (breast cancer), and prostate (prostate cancer), distinct from those affected by TRAF7 mutations, primarily through ubiquitination and degradation of tumor suppressor proteins. This evidence concerns the gene PIK3CA and breast cancer.