Our finds are similar in some regards to previous work showing that P110α and P110β positively regulate ABCB1-mediated multi-drug resistance in human epidermoid carcinoma and NSCLC71,72, yet also uncovered roles for the PIK3CA/AKT pathway in regulating NRF2-mediated transcription of ABC transporters72. This evidence concerns the gene ABCB1 and squamous cell carcinoma.