While targeting IL-6 poses challenges due to potential toxic side effects,26 humanized anti-OSM antibodies have been well tolerated in clinical studies in patients with rheumatic disease.58,59 Targeting OSM, rather than OSMR, offers the advantage of preferentially blocking highly expressed OSM at sites of active inflammation without affecting OSMR, which is constitutively expressed at various sites.23 This evidence concerns the gene OSM and rheumatic disorder.