ADRB1 and Myocardial fibrosis: The β1-AR is precisely closely involved in it, such as increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis [128, 129], activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress response [130], abnormal cardiomyocyte autophagy [131, 132], mitochondrial dysfunction [133], cardiomyocyte hypertrophy [134], as well as myocardial fibrosis and myocardial tissue remodeling [135, 136].