Subsequent studies have implicated GLIS3 in the regulation of many biological functions, including thyroid hormone biosynthesis, pancreatic β cell generation and insulin gene production, and the maintenance of renal functions, and in various pathologies, including diabetes, polycystic kidney disease, hypothyroidism, and several malignancies [3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. This evidence concerns the gene GLIS3 and diabetes mellitus.