YAP1 and Hyperglycemia: In high-glucose conditions, YAP/TAZ activity is also modulated in a time-dependent manner: acute hyperglycemia enhances YAP activation and VEGF expression, whereas prolonged hyperglycemic exposure or combined hypoxic and hyperglycemic conditions can attenuate YAP signalling, possibly through redox imbalance and altered cytoskeletal dynamics [24].