IL1B and myocardial infarction: In humans, the molecular mediators that link the different phases of healing—IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 in the early inflammatory window, and TGF-β, MMPs, and TIMPs during the reparative phase—are detectable systemically in patients with MI and correlate with adverse electrophysiological remodeling, infarct expansion, and later heart-failure phenotypes [29].