Viral infections can trigger lysosomal damage in DCs, releasing cathepsins (mainly CtsB, L, and Z) into the cytosol, where CtsB functions as an upstream NLRP3 activator [33,72]; influenza virus and coxsackievirus B3 use this CtsB-dependent mechanism to enhance pyroptosis [34,35]. Here, CTSB is linked to viral infectious disease.