MDSCs have an oncogenic role in TME, as they promote tumor growth and progression by mediating neoangiogenesis (secretion of MMPs, VEGF, and cytokines implicated in angiogenesis) and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) (secretion of IL-6, TGF-β, and S100A8/A9). Here, VEGFA is linked to neoplasm.