Implication in EAC-TME: It induces EAC-TME reprogramming, including: (i) recruitment and infiltration of immunosuppressive cells; (ii) suppression of cytotoxic NK and CD8+ T cells, leading to failure of tumor immunosurveillance; (iii) CAFs activation leading to stromal changes and growth factors release (PDGF, TGF-β, etc.)[42,128,129,130]. Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.