During SARS-CoV infection, AT2 cells upregulate type I and III interferons (notably IFN-β and IL-29) and secrete a range of chemokines, including CXCL8 (IL-8), CCL5 (RANTES), CXCL10, and CXCL11, which recruit and activate various immune cell populations, such as neutrophils, monocytes, NK cells, and T lymphocytes, thus orchestrating the early innate immune response [110]. Here, CCL5 is linked to severe acute respiratory syndrome.