BRAF and thyroid gland papillary carcinoma: The BRAF V600E mutation was first identified in thyroid cancer in 2003, showing a prevalence of approximately 45–50% in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), 25–30% in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), and absent in follicular thyroid carcinoma and benign thyroid neoplasms (3, 4).