Studies have demonstrated that IFNG enhances immune cell infiltration by directly activating CD8+ T cells and modulating other components of the tumor microenvironment, such as CXCLs, MHC-I, and galectin-9 (Gal-9), while counteracting cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF)-mediated immunosuppression (29). This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and neoplasm.