HTR7 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: NMS not only blocks serotonin reuptake via the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 (5-HTR7)-mediated signaling pathway (45), but more importantly, as a specific metabolite produced by B.o from orange fiber, it exhibits significant metabolic regulatory functions, including improving obesity phenotypes, regulating hepatic glycogen synthesis, accelerating intestinal transit, and coordinating the expression of circadian rhythm genes in the liver and colon (9).