LDHA and cancer: IHC staining of CRC tissues with an LDHA-specific primary antibody demonstrated positive LDHA expression (brown staining) in both early-stage and advanced-stage cancers, as shown in Figure 3A-3B, respectively. Notably, staining intensity and the proportion of positive cells were greater in advanced-stage cancers (179/260; 68.85%) compared with early-stage cancers (81/260; 31.15%).