Interestingly, previous studies have reported that, in bone marrow stromal cells, R-2HG could induce NF-κB activation in an IκB kinase-independent manner, which is helpful for the establishment of a supportive bone marrow stromal niche to promote acute myeloid leukemia (AML) progression (42). This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and acute myeloid leukemia.