Currently, only a subset of genes, including HNF1A, GCK, HNF4A, HNF1B, PDX1, NEUROD1, INS, ABCC8, and KCNJ11 are considered to have definitive or strong evidence supporting their causative role in MODY, while APPL1 has only limited evidence. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is MODY.