For PSA levels, both the PCa+DM (adjusted B = 15.82, p < 0.001, effect size = 0.018) and the PCa-DM (B = 32.65, p < 0.001, effect size = 0.265) showed significantly higher values compared to the BPH (reference group). The gene discussed is KLK3; the disease is posterior cortical atrophy.