Yeh et al. conducted an RCT involving 265 very low birth weight infants with RDS and found that the budesonide-surfactant group had significantly fewer surfactant doses and significantly lower interleukin levels (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8) in tracheal aspirate compared to the surfactant-only group [7]. The gene discussed is CXCL8; the disease is newborn respiratory distress syndrome.