A comprehensive literature search was conducted across five major electronic databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Scopus, to identify studies evaluating the cardiovascular (CV) and renal outcomes of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) in patients with T2DM till January 2025. The gene discussed is GCG; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.