GLP1R and type 2 diabetes mellitus: We included peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and high-quality narrative or systematic reviews written in English that evaluated the effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists (liraglutide, semaglutide, or related analogues), as well as dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonists (such as tirzepatide), exercise training, or their combination on weight loss, body composition, metabolic, or cardiovascular outcomes in adults with obesity or type 2 diabetes.