IL-6 promotes the differentiation of Th17 cells from naive T cells while concurrently inhibiting the regulatory T cells imbalance induced by transforming growth factor β.[44–46] Although inflammatory biomarkers in AF cannot be solely relied upon as standalone evaluation criteria for assessing the inflammatory status of the condition, they do reflect, to some extent, the overall inflammatory burden associated with the disease. Here, IL6 is linked to atrial fibrillation.