CD4 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: According to literature reports, ACTR3 has been identified as a core therapeutic target in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with its high expression significantly associated with poor prognosis in patients.[22] Research shows that ACTR3 may promote the conversion of CD4 + T cells into immunosuppressive iTr35 cells by regulating the IL-35 signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting NK cell activity and enhancing tumor immune evasion.